When you display a theme and change one of the filters on the screen, the star appears next to the name of your theme to indicate that a change has occurred but has not been saved in your theme. If you click on "Save Filters", your theme will be updated to reflect this change and the star will disappear.

https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/814bd2c8-9d16-4a98-bc6a-2d0457cd0740/What_is_the_star_next_to_the_name_of_a_theme.gif